IOTIZED VOWELS

The iotized vowel letters add a dot or a vertical line to their base letters. There are two types of iotation depending on the occurrence of ㅣ: pre-iotation (pre-occurrence of the sound ㅣ) and post-iotation (post-occurrence of the letter ㅣ).

POST-IOTIZED VOWELS

The raised tongue back modulates all pictographic vowels except ㅣ into their post-iotized vowels, whose letters are denoted by adding ㅣ to the right of their base letters (TABLE 1). For example, ㅐ for [æ] and ㅔ for [e] are the post-iotized vowels of [ɑ] and [ə], respectively.

Post-iotized Vowels

Basic Vowels		Primitive Vowels
ㅓ	ㅏ	ㅣ
ㅜ	ㅗ	ㅡ	ㆍ
ㅔ	ㅐ	Post-iotized
ㅟ	ㅚ	ㅢ	ㆎ


Speech Production	Letter Formation

Sometimes, big post-iotized vowels, i.e., ㅢ, ㅚ, and ㅟ, are diphthongized to [ɨi], [we], and [wi], respectively.

PRE-IOTIZED VOWELS

The pre-iotized vowels of simple vowels are their palatal on-glides with [j], whose letters are denoted by adding a dot beside the existing dot of their base letters (TABLE 3). For example, ㅑ for [jɑ] and ㅕ for [jə] are the pre-iotized versions of ㅏ and ㅓ, respectively.

Pre-iotized Vowels

Pre-iotized Vowels		Basic Vowels
ㅕ	ㅑ	ㅓ	ㅏ
ㅠ	ㅛ	ㅜ	ㅗ
ㅖ	ㅒ	ㅔ	ㅐ
ᆔ	ᆈ	ㅟ	ㅚ


Speech Production	Letter Formation

ᆔ and ᆈ are obsolete but they were used only for Chinese transcription.